Process for rendering cellulosic textile material transparent and products therefrom



Patented Apr. 5, 1949 PROCESS FOR BENDERING ('JELLULOSIIC TEXTILEMATERIAL TRANSPARENT AND PRODUCTS THEREFBOM Ernst Weiss, Bunt, w'sttin,Switzerland, assignor to Heberlein Patent Corporation, New York, N. Y.',a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application March 27, 1948, SerialNo. 17,598. In Switzerland October 26, 1942 Claims. (CL 117-143) Thisinvention relates to a process for rendering textile materialtransparent and particularly to producing such transparent fabrics bythe use of special groups of synthetic resins employed with selectedfabrics under restricted conditions. as hereinafter set forth. Theinvention also relates to the products resulting from such process.

One object of the invention is to provide improved fabrics of this typewhich show an allover effect or a pattern design. Other objects andadvantages will appear from the following description.

' The invention accordingly comprises the novel products as well as thenovel processes and steps of processes according to which such productsare manufactured, the specific embodiments of which are describedhereinafter by way of example and in accordance with which I now preferto practice the invention.

This" application is a continuation-in-part of my copending applicationsSerial No. 504,119V2, filed September 28, 1943, and Serial No. 578,567,filed Elebruaryfl, 1945, both now abandoned.

I have found in accordance with my invention that such transparentfabrics may be obtained by theuse of cotton and artificial silk withether resins selected from the group consistin of an amin'oplast etherresin and an aminoplast ether resin; reacted with an alkyd resin havinga free hydroxyl group in which the ether radical other "than that of thealkyd group contains no more titan .7 carbon atoms.

The fabric employed is an open-meshed fabric selected from the groupconsisting of regenerated cellulose, as rayon and spun rayon fabric, andcotton fabric. Also silk, wool or fibres from superpolyamides orpolyurethanes known under the name of nylon and Perluran or Perlon aresuitable as starting materials. The fabric which I employ to give thetransparent efiect is airor fluid-permeable and has 45 to 130 threadsper inch, the threads being No. 30 to No. 200 English count for cottonand spun rayon fabrics and 45 to 150 denier for rayon fabrics. Thefollowing fabrics have been satisfactorily employed in the carryin outof the invention: Muslin, geisha, voile, cretonne, crepe Georgette, andcrepe de Chine, which employ cotton, spun rayon and artificial silk ofregenerated cellulose. The number of threads per inch, as well as thekinds of threads, No. 30 to No. 200 English count for cotton and spunrayon fabrics and 45 to 150 denier for rayon fabrics, as aboveindicated, occur in the fabrics last-mentioned.

The resin is employed in the form of a fluid 2 composition which may beeither a solution or an emulsion which contains 10 to 80% of etherresin. The ether resins which I employ are insoluble in water, but aresoluble in organic solvents. Speciflc resins which I have successfullyemployed include melamine formaldehyde other resin, urea formaldehydeether resin, alkyd amino triazine aldehyde mixed resin, and alkyd ureaformaldehyde mixed resin. The ether radicals in each of the above may beintroduced by condensation with alcohols containing from 1 to 7 carbonatoms, namely, by condensing with methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl,hexyl or heptyl alcohols and also with polyvalent alcohols. I haveobtained particularly good results by the use of butyl alcohol.

After impregnating the fabric with resin. it is heated at an elevatedtemperature; whereupon, the resin sets and the fabric acquires atransparent condition and has a, soft handle. The

1 fabric in its completed transparent condition contains about 15 to 45%by weight of said resin based on the weight of the original fabric.

.:closely woven condition with a continuous airin which impermeablecoating of various kinds of resins the completed oil skin contains fromto 500% of resin coating based on the weight of the fabric;

Open-meshed fabrics treated in accordance with my invention by applyingthe resins herein described to produce an all-over effect result inopen-meshed and porous fabric, like organdy. Open-meshed fabrics locallyprinted with such resin compositions result also in fabric which isopen-meshed in the printed portions.

The production of this transparent or organdy effect, I believe to bedue to the fact that the regenerated cellulose and cotton fabricsemployed have substantially the same refractive indices as the etherresins (in dried condition) with which they are impregnated inaccordance with my invention.

Softeners may be employed in the resin solution or emulsion, such as,for instance, tricresyl phosphate, diethyl phthalate and similarproducts. They may also be added prior to the impregnation or during theproduction of the synthetic resin precondensate. In applying the resinsas solutions, they are used ordinarily in organic solvents, forinstance, but without limitation, in liquid alcohols. These resins, asstated, are substantially insoluble in water. Instead of using them inorganic solvent solution, they may be employed as emulsions in waterwith suitable emulsifying agents.

When pattern effects are applied locally, the effectiveness of suchpatterns may be increased by combining same with pigment printing,pigment resists and, if desired, by subsequent local shrinking of thefabrics. v

The impregnation is carried out. for instance, by the use of a foulardor padding machine, or by a coating knife. Interesting pattern-effectsare obtained by previous printin with a pigment resist. In case ofpatterns effected by direct local application, a sufficiently viscoussolution or emulsion is applied by roller printing or stencil printing,and preferably by adding to the solution or emulsion softeners andthickening agents.

After application, baking occurs preferably in the absence of catalystshaving an acid reaction.

The treated fibres possess the properties of having a highertransparency than the basic fiber material; having a content of aminoether resins and a reduced tendency to curl and shrink upon washing.

The following are examples of the manufacture. and application totextiles of various ether resins. Resins A and B are representative ofunmixed resins, i. e., without the alkyd group, and Examples 1 to 1'7,inclusive, represent the application thereof to fabrics. The remainingexamples are to of the mixed resins, i. e., containing the alkyd group.It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of theinvention and the invention is not to be considered as limited therebyexcept as indicated in the appended claims.

ExAMrLEs PREPARATION or rm: E'mxn Rasrx's (A) Resin-Urea formaldehydebutyl ether resin Grams N-butanol 454 Paraformaldehyde 300 Hexamethylenetetramine 6 Urea 240 Formic acid 0.6

Paraformaldehyde and hexamethylene tetramine are dissolved in hotN-butanol. After cooling, the urea is added and thereupon the solutionis brought slowly to the boiling point, then boiled for about 20 minutesunder a reflux condenser. Thereupon the formic acid is added. actionwater formed upon further heating and part of the butanol are distilledoff. The mixture of butanol and water found in the distillate isseparated; the butanol is returned to the reaction mixture while thequantity of reaction water obtained is continuously checked. Thedistillation is continued until about 2 mols of reaction water haveseparated-which when using the above quantitative ratios, is 144 gramsof water. The result is a viscous stable solution of urea formaldehydebutyl ether resin in butanol, containing about 80% of resin.

(B). Resin-Melamin'e formaldehyde butyl ether resin One thousand gramsof hexamethylol melamine are added to 3,000 grams of N-butanol whileusing a reflux condenser. Thereupon, 100 cc. of concentrated formic acidcontaining 120 grams of formic acid are added and the reaction waterobtained and a part of The reslowly distilled off, The distillation isadvised continued until 2,000 grams of distillate have passed over. Thesolution obtained then contains about 80% of melamine formaldehyde butylether resin.

(C). Fifty grams of boiling water are poured over 2.5 grams of methylcellulose and stirred. under refrigeration, until completely dissolved,then 100 grams of water saturated with butanol is stirred in; then 3grams of dimethyl benzyl lauryl ammonium chloride dissolved in 9 gramsof ethyl alcohol are stirred in; thereupon ,100 grams of A resinsolution, prepared according to the example above, and diluted withbutanol to a resin content of 60% is added while vigorously stirring.The result is a 23% emulsion of urea formaldehyde butyl ether resin inwater.

(D) One gram of polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in 60 grams of water;then 30 grams of 5% aqueous solution of methyl cellulose and 9 grams ofbutanol are added; thereafter 100 grams of melamine formaldehyde butylether resin (70%) B fresin solution, prepared according to the exampleabove, is added while vigorously stirring. The

5 result is a emulsion in water of melamine for the production andapplication -formaldehyde butyl ether resin.

.Resin solutions and emulsions of resins A and B are solutions oremulsions of unset resins which are set by heating to the temperaturesbaking given in the examples. The viscosities of the resin solutions asemployed in accordance with the invention may vary through wide limits,since all' solutions a will impregnate the which may be appliedsatisfactorily and which fabric are usable. Heating of the solution willlower. the viscosity and, accordingly, some solutions which may beapplied with difliculty can be used since upon heating as indicated inthe examples below. suflicient a penetration to impregnate the fabricwill occur.

resin solutions as applied from 100 to 10,000 centi- The viscosity ofthe may accordingly range poises.

. EXAMPLES Arrucsrron or Sourrrons AND EHULSIONS to Fame I 1. A muslinfabric consisting of viscose rayon both in the warp and in the filler,with a titer of 60-75 deniers and having 84 x 72 threads per inch, issubjected to a preliminary cleaning in accordance with known methods anddried under tension. Thereupon the fabric is thinly coated on aspreading machine directly with the resin solution in butanol obtainedin accordance with A resin; .thereupon dried at about 60 C. andsubsequently heated for 15 minutes at 110 C. There is thus obtained anexceptionally transparent fabric which is only slightly stiffened. Thefabric contains about resin based on the weight of the original fabric.

2. A colored muslin fabric of viscose rayon hav-- ing 84 x '12 threadsper inch is impregnated on a two-roller padder with the followingmixture The squeezed fabric is then subjected to a preliminary drying atC. and thereupon heated for onehour at C. The fabric now shows a typicaltransparent effect; however, contrary the excess butanol are 76 to t eorgandy fabrics customary up to the pres- QMQOOB out time in the trade,it is comparatively soft. By the treatment, furthermore, a strongintensification of the colors is achieved. The fabric contains about 35%resin based on the weight of the original fabric.

ll. Viscose rayon crepe Georgette having 91 x 84 threads per inch isdesized in accordance with the known methods, bleached and thereupondried under sharp tensioning in the direction of the warp and of thefiller. Thereupon the resin solution produced in accordance with A resinis printed on. If the printing should not turn out sharply, i. e., if itshould show a tendency to run, it is advisable to thicken the printingmess, for instance by the addition of nitrocellulose, In accordance withthe following instructions, one obtains, on most fabrics, sharp clearprints:

Grams Resin solution made in accordance with resin A 794i Nitrocelluloseof medium viscosity wetted with butanol loo Amylacetate 2% the fillingofordinary yarns having 105 x 65 i-l'zreads per inch, is creped, boiledand dyed in accordance with the customary methods, Thereupon thefollowing mass m printed on:

Grams Resin solution made in accordance with resin A 700Diethylphthalate 2d Nitrocellulose of medium viscosity containing 35%ethyl alcohol 80 Etl yl acetate one The printed fabric is predried atoil-60 C. and then heated for minutes at 100 C. In this manner oneobtains transparent printed effects;

the contrast between the printed and unprinted portions being muchincreased by a considerable deepening of the color in the printed parts.

5. Bleached viscose staple fibre muslin having 'iiie goods are'thereuponwill After the printing, the goods are subjected for a short time topredrying and thereupon heated for 5 minutes-at 140 C. The fabric isthereupon again printed but with the use of 1:1 gum arable solution.Interesting effects are obtained if one uses for the printing with theresin mass afancy design with irregularly distributed areas and lineswhile for the printing over with gum arable one uses a simple stripedesign. After the printing over, the goods are dried, treated with 30 B.caustic soda as described in Example 6, and after the excess lye isremoved, the goods are acidified, washed until neutral and thereupondried with as little tension as possible. The resulting fabric showstransparent and, in accordance with the design, smooth to slightlyundulated printed parts on an undulated crepe-like background.

8. Viscose marquisette having 60 x 66 threads per inch is impregnatedwith a solution of the following composition and thereupon stronglsqueezed:

Resin mass produced in accordance with resin B (containing about 80% ofthe melamine formaldehyde butyl ether resin) cc 80d Tartarlc acid gr 3Ethyl alcohol cc 200 Thereupon the goods are subjected to predryms; atincreased temperature and then heated for 5 minutes at 1 in" C. Thefabric in this way is made transparent toe. far-reaching. degree withorx 80 threads per inch is printed with the more mentioned in Example 4:.It is then subjected to a p'redrying at Ell- L. and then heated for 5minutes at 140 C. Thereupon the fabric is dyed with substantive dyes.The dyeing on a padder in this connection proves to be exceptionallyfavorable. On account of the resist effect of the resin mass, theprinted parts are not dyed at all or only slightly. In this manner, oneobtains white or slightly colored transparent printed effects on acolored, opaque background.

6. The resin solution obtained in accordance with resin A is printed onmercerized cotton muslin having 84 x 68 threads per inch, dried and thenheated for 5 minutes at 140 C. Thereafter the printed fabric is placedin caustic soda solution of 30 B. for 4 minutes; whereupon, and

preferably after drawing or suctioning oi! the excess lye, the remaininglye is removed with hot water, and the fabric is then acidified andwashed out being stiffened to a disadvantageous extent. The fabriccontains about 30% resin based on the weight of the original fabric.

9. Bleached viscose muslin having 87 x threads per inch, color printedin accordance with the customary fabric printing methods, is thinlycoated with an approximately 70% of resin mass produced in accordancewith resin B and thereupon heated for 1.; hour at C. One obtains in thisway a beautiful clear transparent fabric with colored printing effects.The resin content based on the weight of the untreated fabric is about40% 10. Crepe Georgette consisting of viscose crepe yarn both in thewarp and in the filler having 91 x 84 threads per inch, is scoured andbleached in accordance with the known methods. Theremelamineformaldehyde butyl ether resin) 700 Nitrocellulose of medium viscosity,wetted with butanol 100 Amylacetate 200 After drying, heat for 5 minutesat C. The fabric is then placed in a dye bath preheated to about 50 C.and dyed preferably with the use of substantive colors in order toobtain the deuntil neutral. Finally the fabric is dried under 75 siredshade. Thereby the background is creped '7 while the printed placesremain smooth orare slightly undulated. The printed places are notcolored or only very slightly. Finally the fabric is dried with theleast possible tensioning. The

results are white or slightly colored, smooth or slightly undulatedtransparent printed parts on a colored crepe background.

i1. Mercerized bleached cotton voile having so x 53 threads per inch isprinted with the mass described in Example 10, dried and heated for 10minutes at 130 C. Thereupon the fabric is printed over with thickenedcaustic soda solution of 40 B. preferably in the form of a stripe design, then set aside for some time, namely, until Grams Acetyl cellulosed0. Phenoi 150 Acetone 500 Titanium white 260 tilled water 50 After thedrying out of the printed parts, the fabric is thinly coated asdescribed in Example 1 with the resin solution obtained in accordancewith resin A, then subjected to a preliminary drying and thereuponheated for 15 minutes at 110 C. The fabric now shows striking whiteopaque print effects on a transparent background. It has stifienedcomparatively little. The fabric contains about i% resin based on theweight of the original fabric.

13. Mercerized bleached cotton muslin having 84 x 68 threads per inch isprinted in one printing process with the use of two design rollers whichare in registration with each other;' one roller prints with the pigmentresist of Example 12 and the other roller prints directly on top of thefirst print with resin B, thickened with nitrocellulose (as per ExampleNow the fabric is heated for 15 minutes at 140 C. and thereupon shrunkby placing in B. caustic soda. After the removal of the lye,acidification and washing, the goods are dried with the least possibletension. In this way one obtains very striking white printed effects ontransparent and only slightly stiffened lightly undulated design partswhich are surrounded by a dense muslin background.

14. Mercerized bleached cotton muslin having M x 68 threads per inch isprinted in one printing process as described in Example 13 consecutivelywith pigment resist and thickened resin 13 and then again heated.Thereupon in a further printing process, it is printed over with gumarabic resist; whereupon the goods are dried and impregnated on a padderwith 36 B. caustic soda solution, then squeezed, set aside for 3-5minutes without being tensioned and subsequently the lye is removed withhot' water. Finally after acidification and washing, the fabric is driedwith the least possible tensioning. The fabric has now been givenslightly stiflened transparent design parts with white opaque printingresin in butanol 800 Nitrocellulose of medimn viscosity, mois tened with35% butanol 20 1 Amylacetate 180 eflects in same and alongside of sameunchanged and shrunken fabric parts.

15. A muslin made up of cotton warp and viscose filling having 91 x 76threads to the inch is impregnated on a padder with emulsion des natedas (C) above. The material is then dried at about 50 to 80 C. andsubsequently heated for ten minutes at C. There is thus obtained atransparent fabric. The fabric contains about 20% resin based on theweight of the original fabric.

16. A cotton and viscose muslin as in Example 15 is impregnated on a tworoller padder with resin emulsion designated as ('D) The material, afterpredrying at fill-60 C. is then baked durin four minutes at 140 C. Thefabric produced is transparent and' only slightly stifiened. The fabriccontains about 30% resin based on the weight of the original fabric.

17. Viscose rayon marquisette, having 60 X 66 threads per inch, isimpregnated on a two roller padder with a diluted resin emulsion; to onepart of resin emulsion designated as (D), two parts of water are stirredin. The fabric is then dried at about 50 to 00 C. and subsequentlyheated for 6 minutes at C. There is then produced a translucent fabricwell suited asncurt'ainmaterial. The resin content of the so treatedmaterial is about 15%. v

18. A dyed muslin fabric which is an openmeshed fabric, the warp andfilling consisting of viscose rayon, having 84 x 72 threads per inch, isimpregnated on a coating machine with a solution of an alkyd aminoplastether resin, namely, an alkyd-amino-triazine-aldehyde mixed resin inbutanol, containing 60% dry residue, and subjected to a preliminarydrying at about Bil-70 C. Thereupon the fabric is heated for 15 minutesat 120 C. In this way there is ob tained an all-over efiect, via, apronounced transparent fabric which has an open mesh and which is onlyslightly stitfened comparatively. The fabric contains about 4.0% resinbased on the weight of the original fabric.

A suitable mixed resin is obtained in the following manner: 92 parts ofglycerin are esterifled with '71 parts of stearic acid by heating to220-240 C. up to an acid number of 6. There upon esteriflcation iscontinued with 148 parts of phthalic anhydride up to an acid number of42. In order to etherify the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerin,the alkyd resin thus obtained is boiled under reflux with 102 parts ofhexamethylol melamine, dissolved in 222 parts of butanol, for 1 /2hours. Thereupon the solvent is distilled 01f until a 70% resin solutionin butanol is obtained.

19. Bleached viscose staple fiber muslin, an open-meshed fabric, having87 x 80 threads per inch, is printed with a mass of the followingcomposition:

Grams 80% solution of an oleic acid modified alkyd amino triazinealdehyde mixed After the printin preliminary drying is eifected at 60-70C. and thereupon the mass is heated for 5 minutes at 130 C. Now thegoods are dyed with the use of substantive dyestufls.

favorable. As a result of the resist action'of the resin, the printedparts are dyed little or not at all. In this way, light, transparentopen-mesh printed effects on a dyed non-transparent background areobtained. In cases in which a particularly good resist of the printedeflects is portant, in addition to the selection of the properdyestufls, the addition of thiophenols (which have been made soluble) tothe dye bath is advantageous. In the trade, such soluble thiophenols areknown under the names of Katanol W, Thiotane R8, etc.

The above oleic acid moed resin can. for in stance, be prepared asfollows: 2 of glyc= erin are esterlfied with 141 parts oi oleic acid andres parts of phthalic anhydride by heating for several hours at 220-2400. up to an acid number or Bill. The resin thus obtained is dissolved in222 parts of butanol, and 102 parts of henamethylol melamine aredissolved therein by heating. The solution is then heated for 4 hours at100 C" whereupon enough butanol is distilled on so that an 80% resinsolution in butanol is obtained.

20. Crepe Georgette viscose rayon. an openmeshed fabric having 91 x 34threads per inch, is desized in accordance with the known methods,bleached, and then dried under sharp tensioning in the direction of thewarp and filling. Then the fabric is printed with. the resin asdescribed in Example 19, subjected to preliminary drying, and thereuponheated for d minutes at 140 C. By treating in a Bil-4W C. bath,containing 2-3 grams of soap or to 1 gram of an aliphatic alcoholsulfonate or V to 1 gram of a fatty acid condensation product such asIgepon per liter, the unprinted background is again creped. In manycases, insertion of the goods in 30-40 C. water suffices toefiect thissubsequent creping. After this creping treatment, the goods are rinsed,if necessary, whereupon they are dried under slight tensioning. In thisway there are obtained transparent, smooth to slightly wavy, printedeffects on a typical crepe background.

21. An open-meshed fabric produced from cuprammonium rayon, the warp ofwhich consists of crepe yarn and the filling of which consists ofordinary yarn, having 105 x 65 threads per inch, is creped in accordancewith the customary methods, soaped and dyed, for instance, light blue,with a substantive dyestull'. The goods are thereupon dried whilestretching same well in the direction of the warp and of the filling.The goods are thereupon printed with the printing mass described inExample 19, subjected to a preliminary drying at 60 to 70' C., heatedfor 30 minutes at 110 0., subjected to recreping by placing in water of30 0., and dried while under slight tension. Depending on the intendedpurpose, the fabric can be finished and calendered in accordance withthe customary methods. One obtains in this way transparent printingeffects on an opaque background. The contrast between the printed partsand the background is further essentially increased by a considerableintensifying of the colors in the printed parts.

The transparent prints can also be combined with ordinary color prints,in connection with which it is possible to print, for instance. vatdyes, in one printing process simultaneously with. transparent printingmasses.

22. A spun rayon cretonne, having '70 x 70 threads per inch, is printedwith a mass which essentially consists of mixed *alkyd-urea-alde- 0 hyderesin which is an alky'd aminoplast ether resin. Such a mixed resin canbe produced as follows: 92 parts 'of glycerin are esterlfled with 71parts of stearlc acid by heating at 220-240 0. up to an acid number of6. Thereupon the esterlflcatlon is continued with 148 parts of phthalicanhydride up to an acid number of 42. iihe alkyd resin thus obtained isnow dissolved in 222 parts of butanol and parts of dimethylol urea areadded. The mixture is boiled for 2 hours under reflux and thereupon sucha quantity of solvent is distilled off that an 80% resin solution inbutanol results. The printing mass produced from this resin solution hasthe following composition:

Grams AIlryd-urea-formaldehyde mixed resin 80%-- 750 Tricresyl phosphate66 Nitrocellulose of medium viscosity moistened with 35% ethyl alcohol20 Amyl acetate 50 Ethyl acetate 50 Toluol 70 After the printing,pre-dry at '70 to 30 C. and thereupon heat for 3 minutes at 150 C.Thereupon the goods are advisedly finished with one of the softeningagents generally known in finishing practice; then dried under tensionand calender-ed. The fabric now shows comparatively soft transparentprinting effects on an opaque and lustrous background. Depending on theincidence of the light, the prints obtained in this manner remind one ofmarked damask efiects.

23. A mixed resin produced in accordance with Example 18, is adjusted,by the addition of amyl acetate, to a resin content of 65% and thereuponprinted on mercerized cotton muslin, an openmeshed fabric, having 84/68threads per inch. Should the print be inclined to run, then the resinsolution can be thickened by the addition of small quantities ofnitrocellulose. After printing, subject the goods to a short preliminarydrying and then beat for 5 minutes at 140 C. Now

the printed fabric is placed for 4 minutes in a caustic soda solution of30 B., whereupon, advisedly after previous drawing of! by suction of theexcess caustic soda lye, the lye is removed from the goods with warmwater and thereupon the fabrics are washed in running water until thecomplete removal of the alkali. Finally the goods are dried under slighttension. Depending on the selection of the pattern, one obtains more orless strongly undulated and comparatively soft transparent patterns on ashrunken background.

With respect to the fabrics produced by printing in the above examples,such printed fabrics in the printed portions contain about 20 to 45% byweight of resin based on the weight of the original fabric.

Each of the fabrics employed in accordance with the above examples iswithin the range of 45 to threads per inch of threads of No. 30

Special efiects can be obtained, as explained in Example 19, if one dyesthe fabric subsequently with substantive dyes, possibly with theaddition of thiophenols which have been made sol-= uble. Crepe fabrics,for printing with transparent patterns, are strongly stretched along thewarp and along the filling, if necessary and are also dried in thiscondition and thereupon again creped, for instance, in a soap bath.

Unique or special effects can be obtained also if one dyes the fabricsbefore the placing on of the transparent patterns as stated, forinstance, in ample 21. One obtains in this way; atthe transparentplaces, a strong intensification of the dyeing. Similar efiects can beobtained if one prints the fabrics with color patterns and if oneapplies simultaneously, alongside of same or over same, transparentpatterns.

A further enrichment of the efiects obtained by this process can beachieved by combination with pigment printing. Exceptionally interestingefiects are obtained if one prints, in one printing operation, usingdifferently adjusted printing rollers, first a pigment resist and on topof it a lacquer printing mass of, for instance,

the kind described in Example 19 or 22. One can produce in this mannerattractive white or colored opaque pigment printing effects, in transparent, very little stiflened, pattern portions which in turn aresurrounded by the unchanged or, if desired, shrunken fabrics. Such pientprints can also be made preceding a single r plain all-overtransparentizing in accordance with Example 18; one obtains thenattractive opaque printing efie'cts on a transparent openmeshbackground. As binding agent for the pigment printing masses there canbe used the customary binding agents, for instance, solutions ofcellulose esters, but also solutions of the alkydaminoplast ether resinmixtures described in the foregoing examples. By dyeing the resinmasses, for which purpose among others the so-called alcohol solubledyestuffs are very suitable, for instance, Sudan red, there areavailable a number of further variants especially for the production ofprinted effects. Interesting elfects can also be obtained in the mannerthat after the printing of the resin masses on the cellulose fabric thedyeing is done with acid dyestufis in connection with which only theprinted places are deeply colored while the unprinted fabric parts arenot colored at all or only slightly. If the dyeing is done in a bathwhich contains at the same time acid and substantive colors, one obtainsthe most varied two color efiects, depending on the dyestufi used.

While the invention has been described in detail according to certainpreferred methods of carrying out the process, it will be obvious tothose skilled in the art after understanding the invention, that changesand modifications may be made therein without departing from the spiritor scope of the invention, and it is intended in the appended claims tocover all such changes and modifications.

aceacee i2 What I claim is: l. A process for transparentizing textileswhich comprises, impregnating an open-meshed fabric with .a resin ether,said fabric being woven from thread selected from the group consistingof continuous filamentary rayon, spun rayon, and cotton, each of saidrayons being of regenerated cellulose, said fabric having 45 to 130threads per inch in warp and weft, said threads being No. to No. 200English number for cotton and spun rayon fabrics and to 150 denier forcontinuous filamentary rayon fabrics, said resin ether being employed asa fluid composition containing 10 to of water-insoluble ether resinwhichis soluble in organic solvents selected from the group consistingof an aminoplast ether resin and an aminoplast ether resin reacted withan alkyd resin having a free hydroxyl group in which the ether radicalother than that of the alkyd group contains no more than seven carbonatoms, and heating to render the impregnated material transparent, saidmaterial in completed transparentized condition having about 15 to 45%by weight of said resin based on the weight of the original fabric.

- 2. A process in accordance with claim 1 in which the ether resin is amelamine formaldehyde ether resin.

3. A process in accordance with claim 1 in which the resin ether ismelamine formaldehyde butyl ether resin.

LA process in accordance with claim 1 in which the ether resin is analkyd amino triazine aldehyde mixed resin. 7

5. A process in accordance with claim 1 in which the resin other is astearlc acid modified alkyd amino triazine aldehyde mixed resin.

6.. A process in accordance with claim 1 in which the ether resin is analkyd urea formaldehyde mixed resin.

7. A process in accordance with claim 1 in which the ether resin is astearic acid modified alkyd urea formaldehyde mixed resin.

.8. A process for printing fabric to produce a transparent design inaccordance with claim 1 in which the fabric is impregnated with theether resin in the form of a design.

9. A transparentized textile fabric in which the fabric is woven fromthread selected from the group consisting of continuous filamentaryrayon, spun rayon, and cotton, each of said rayons being of regeneratedcellulose, said fabric having 45 to threadsper inch in warp and weft,said threads being No. 30 to No. 200 English number for cotton and spunrayon fabrics and 45 to denier for continuous filamentary rayon fabrics,said fabric being transparentized by a water-insoluble resin reactionproduct selected from the group consisting of an aminoplast ether resinand an aminoplast ether resin reacted with an alkyd resin having a freehydroxyl group, in which the ether radical other than that of the alkydgroup contains no more than seven carbon atoms, said fabric aftertransparentizing treatment havingfluid permeable interstices. 10. Atextile fabric in accordance with claim 9 having a patterned transparenteflect.

, ERNST WEISS.

No references cited.

